Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10112136

Figure Lengend Snippet: resB blend #1 (RSB11, RSB12, RSB13) and herbal extracts counteract neutrophilic inflammation via the MMP-9 pathway in human IEC and HBEC models of proteobacteria abundance in the gut and lung. ( A ) Cells were exposed to E. coli before treatment with probiotic strains. Schematic created in Biorender. ( B ) MMP-9 transcription increases upon addition of increasing concentrations of E. coli in a human intestinal cell line model of dysbiosis. ( C ) RSB11, ( D ) RSB12, ( E ) RSB13, and ( F ) resB blend #1 (RSB11, RSB12, RSB13) decrease MMP-9 in IECs exposed to E. coli. ( G ) Cells were exposed to E. coli before treatment with increasing dosages of ( H ) holy basil, ( I ) turmeric, ( J ) vasaka, ( K ) herbal extract blend, or ( L ) resB blend #1 probiotic blend (RSB11, RSB12, RSB13) with increasing dosages of herbal extract blend that each led to decreases in MMP-9.

Article Snippet: In all mice, MPO concentration in BAL was measured using the Mouse Myeloperoxidase DuoSet ELISA (DY3667; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), MMP-9 concentration in BAL and serum using the Mouse Total MMP-9 DuoSet ELISA (DY6718; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and CRP protein in serum using the Mouse C-Reactive Protein/CRP DuoSet ELISA (DY1829; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA) per manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10112136

Figure Lengend Snippet: resB decreases neutrophilic inflammation in an in vivo model of proteobacterial dysbiosis. ( A ) Mice were exposed to LPS intratracheally before treatment with saline or resB. Schematic created in Biorender. ( B ) Representative histology sections of lungs show decreased mean linear intercept (MLI) in LPS + resB mice compared to mice exposed to LPS alone. 10× magnification, scale bar 100 μm. ( C ) BAL sample cell count decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( D ) BAL neutrophil count decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( E ) BAL MPO (adjusted for neutrophils 10 4 mL/pg) decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( F ) BAL CRP decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( G ) Serum CRP decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( H ) Total BAL MMP-9 protein decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. ( I ) Total serum MMP-9 protein is not significantly decreased in LPS + resB-treated mice. ( J ) Lung tissue MMP-9 mRNA decreases significantly in LPS + resB mice. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: In all mice, MPO concentration in BAL was measured using the Mouse Myeloperoxidase DuoSet ELISA (DY3667; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), MMP-9 concentration in BAL and serum using the Mouse Total MMP-9 DuoSet ELISA (DY6718; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and CRP protein in serum using the Mouse C-Reactive Protein/CRP DuoSet ELISA (DY1829; Biotechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA) per manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Saline, Cell Counting

Journal: Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology

Article Title: Regulatory mechanisms of anthrax toxin receptor 1-dependent vascular and connective tissue homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.12.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: MMP changes in skin of mutant animals. (a) Transcript levels of Mmp2 and Mmp9 were not affected by loss of Antxr1 (n ≥ 4). (b) Increased protein levels of MMP9 and MMP2 in skin extracts of Antxr1 −/− mice. (c) Reduced activity of MMP2 in Antxr1 −/− mice (top) by gelatin zymography, and increased mature/cleaved form of MMP14 in mutant skin by western blotting (bottom). (d) Reduced MMP2 activity in skin extracts from Timp2 −/− and Antxr1fl/fl::Cdh5Cre ( flfl::Cre ) mice when compared with WT (+/+), Antxr1fl/fl ( fl/fl ) or Cdh5Cre ( Cre ) control mice, but not to the extent seen in Antxr1 −/− (−/−) mice (n ≥ 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005). Representative zymography raw data on which this figure is based are shown in . (e) Reduced transcript levels of Timp2 and Timp3 in skin extracts from Antxr1 −/− animals (n = 4; *P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Paraffin or frozen 5 μm sections of skin tissue samples were stained with the following antibodies: Phospho- p44/42-ERK (1:100, #9101, Cell signaling), S100A4 (1:500, ab27957, Abcam), MMP2 (1:100, ab37150, Abcam) and MMP9 (1:100, AF909, R&D Systems).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Activity Assay, Zymography, Western Blot, Control